“The Central Message Of A Story Is The Big Idea Or Lesson

â€Å"The central message of a story is the big idea or lesson the story teaches. Important events in a story help you figure out the central message†(Waldron). Many people are under the impression that a story s theme is synonymous with it’s message. This is not always true, and as explained by K.M. Weiland, â€Å"Theme is a general principle. Message is a specific example of that theme in action.† Messages are not always easily found within texts. Oftentimes, a reader must read very closely to discover some of the more significant messages present within texts. However, once a reader learns to identify messages from a text, they are better able to appreciate that text as well as all others. Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a well-known English poet,†¦show more content†¦As said by Brandy Anderson, â€Å"The curses inflicted upon the mariner occur because of his inability to respect nature.† Anderson agrees with the argument that the reason the ship is stranded without a way to move in the middle of the sea is because he disrespected nature by shooting the albatross. The Mariner as well as his shipmates believe that the albatross is the reason they were saved for they believed that the albatross is the reason the wind is blowing. â€Å"I had killed the bird; That made the breeze to blow†(pg 824 lines 93-94). In this moment, the Mariner feels sorry for what he has done, but for selfish reasons, he does not appreciate nature or the preciousness of life, he repents only for selfish reasons. It is not until much later in the poem that the Mariner realizes the importance and reverence of nature and the life of all living things. When he does finally come to this realization, the albatross falls from around his neck, and this symbolizes his release from the curse. A final message that can be drawn from Samuel Coleridge’s poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, is to treat all life with respect. The Mariner learned this les son through his experience at sea with the albatross. He then was forced to relay his story to people across the world, such as the Wedding Guest. The Mariner was enlightened by this discovery when he blessed the animals he saw around him. He was unsure of what made him do it, but when he did, the albatross that had beenShow MoreRelatedThe Call Of The Wild1092 Words   |  5 Pages The book ‘The Call of the Wild’ uses the characters, storyline and subject matter to explore ideas that almost all of us experience. This lesson will fill you in on these themes, help with understanding the storyline, and offer a few questions to test your comprehension. !!!’’The Call of the Wild’’ - The Basics Author __Jack London__ wasn t your typical storyteller. Born in 1876, he drew inspiration for his work as a novelist and journalist from his early life experiences in poverty, as a sailorRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Rye 1334 Words   |  6 Pagessurrounding teenagers, including depression, suicide, social isolation, and teenage angst, all of which many students can relate to and identify with. Readers of the book can learn important lessons about life, perception, and dealing with our emotions. Including the book in an academics course is a good idea because readers of all ages can learn a lot about issues surrounding teenagers. For example: It is interesting to see how the problems surrounding the youth of the 50’s are some of the very sameRead MoreEssay Political, Social And Moral Me1207 Words   |  5 Pagesbut instead can be fun and entertaining. Amidst these wacky drawings of zany characters spouting off crazy rhetoric, there is much hidden symbolism. Many of Dr. Seussamp;#8217; works contain political, social, and moral messages. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Political messages in Dr. Seussamp;#8217; works include war, economic and environmental themes. Two of Dr. Seussamp;#8217; later works, The Butter Battle Book and The Lorax, quot;take strong stands on the dangers of indifference to worldRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Odyssey And The Inferno Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pages Although in both works human suffering is a key part of the story, the different characters of the divine in the Odyssey and Inferno result in a unique take on the role of suffering. We see that people who suffer in the Odyssey sometimes do not deserve their punishment, whereas in the Inferno we see that the people who suffer are suffering justly. Suffering is a very important topic when it comes to writing tragedies or similar genres. It is a topic that authors take very seriously and are meticulousRead MoreDr. Berger s Contagious : Why Things Catch On1626 Words   |  7 PagesCentral Theme The central theme in Jonah Berger’s book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On, focuses on the six important principles of STEPPS that can make a good or service circulate quickly amongst the mass public. Berger explains the reason behind why people talk about a certain product and the resulting factors. The six â€Å"ingredients,† Social Currency, Triggers, Emotion, Public, Practical Value, and Stories, â€Å"cause things to be talked about, shared, and imitated† (Berger, 2013). Basically, STEPPSRead MoreHow Did The World Changed Throughout The First Millennium Century?1687 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction A set out on a longest journey for a Chinese Buddhist named Xuanzang and did the journey. He traveled by land, west on the silk Road across the Central Asia before turning south to india. His goal was to spread the Buddhist learning and forming India and China closer ties. He traveled through dangerous ways, like Gobi Desert and Tian Shan Mountains that he nearly die of thirst. In India, Xuanzang studied with Buddhist monks and visited sacred buddhist sites. At the time, ChinaRead MoreMoral Values in the Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde4043 Words   |  17 Pagespay attention and take the message of it. There will always be sort of a lesson in every single difficulty. Not only shall we find in our daily lives, but we could also find it while reading literary works, watching movies and suchlike. Reading literary works has interesting adventure in which an extra attention is needed to figure it out. For some people, reading novel or short story is more than just about looking for the beautiful story or the greatnesses of the story. Yet, there are some peopleRead MoreNataraja of Shiva Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagestough decision to choose one work to focus on for my art paper, but there was one sculpture that caught my eye; it was Nataraja of Shiva (11th century) from Ancient Southeastern Art located on the 2nd floor of the museum. The main message of this sculpture is focused on the idea of the boundaries of cosmos and the destruction and rebirth of the world. This paper will employ close visual analysis of this sculpture and describe how the visual elements of the work relate to its main theme. In my opinionRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1523 Words   |  7 PagesWallpaper†. In this particular story, the reader must analyze the language and symbolism of the text to reverse the process of the dream in order to reveal the hidden thoughts/mean ing of the story itself. This is important when trying to reveal how the conflicts of the narrator of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, and her behavior/actions towards these conflicts indirectly state the themes of gender role, freedom, madness, and women’s health throughout the story. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†Read MoreAnalysis Of George Hally s The Quick Step 1700 Words   |  7 Pagesto the servants. Not only is Hally above them socially, he is also at a higher intellectual level. There are many times in which the men reflect upon a lesson Hally taught them. The way Hally speaks to and treats Sam and Willie as if they were his friends and not his servants. He enjoys their company, regardless of their social status which is a big deal considering the time period the show takes place in. Hally goes to sit down and he notices a bunch of comics left out on a table, for his dad. He

Honor In The Great Gatsby Analysis - 935 Words

The understanding of honor is adopted by each culture within a different way. Honor is the center of many cultures within fables, stories, tales, movies, books, poems, etc. Since the cultures adopted honor in different ways, there are a variety of definitions. The definitions depend on which culture, the point of view, and lifestyle that the person had. The Great Gatsby is a love story between a poor boy who works to get rich and a girl who was born into money attempting to reunite after five years. Code of Honor is about a boy named Kamran who tries to prove his brother innocent of him being accused of taking part in horrible crimes of Al Qaeda. Based on the conditions of the lives of the characters in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott†¦show more content†¦So the respect for a person with high social class is not sincere, making the respect for them not with honor. Respect for someone is seeing the character of a person as honorable. On the contrary, in Code of Honor by Alan Gr atz, people base their respect for a person based on their actions and class. In the book, Kamran and Darius [brother] are Iranian, so they have brown skin. One day at the mall, Kamran describes â€Å"People-adults, mostly- would give us these side glances. They’d look us up and down, suspicion in their eyes. They didn’t think we noticed, but we did† (Gratz 23). People are suspicious of Kamran and Darius because of the type of skin they have, they judged them based on the type of skin which has a certain social class that is seen as negative. Some people, based upon the actions and beliefs of other cultures, indicate a huge disregard for respect for the people of that culture or class of people. Respect for others depicts honor within society, and the ways that society looks upon a class of people can be different if society looks at the personality of each individual rather than their appearance, but society judges people based upon appearance. Societal views have been changing since the beginning of time, and they still are morphing, but one that has not changed is labeling others because the rest of the world does. People used to think that African Americans were a disease and were notShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Money In The Great Gatsby1111 Words   |  5 Pages(Literary analysis on The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald) Gold diggers are commonly known as women that only go after a guy because of the money that he has. The said women doesn’t even need to love the man just to have the money is enough to keep her around on him. Often times there is a man that really does like this lady, but because he doesn’t have money he never gets with her. What if this man without the money decide he would do anything to get money to impress the girl. The Great Gatsby byRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Great Gatsby 1508 Words   |  7 PagesRhetorical Analysis for the movie The Great Gatsby In the film of The Great Gatsby, based on the novel, Director, Baz Luhrmann shares the elaborate tale of the infamous Jay Gatsby. Taking place in the era of the 1920’s, also known as the roaring twenties, Luhrmann is able to bring the film to life by constructing breathtaking scenery creating a glamorous environment full of ecstasy in order to make the modern day audience get a feel for what life in that time period would have been like today. ThoughRead MorePsychology and Author’s Purpose in the Great Gatsby2923 Words   |  12 PagesPsychology and Author’s Purpose in The Great Gatsby It was 1931, six years after the publication of The Great Gatsby, when historian James Truslow Adams coined the term The American Dream (â€Å"The Epic of America†, 415). Yet, his was a new take on an old concept. F. Scott Fitzgerald did not have to wait for Adams to brilliantly propose that the ideal of social equality and the pursuit of Happiness is a dream like enterprise, which has little to do with reality (US 1776). In the 1920’sRead MoreEssay on The Legacy of Romanticism in The Great Gatsby3369 Words   |  14 PagesThe Legacy of Romanticism in The Great Gatsby The development of American Literature, much like the development of the nation, began in earnest, springing from a Romantic ideology that honored individualism and visionary idealism. As the nation broke away from the traditions of European Romanticism, America forged its own unique romantic style that would resonate through future generations of literary works. Through periods of momentous change, the fundamentally Romantic natureRead MoreThe Disillusionment of American Dream in Great Gatsby and Tender Is the Night19485 Words   |  78 PagesThe disillusionment of American dream in the Great Gatsby and Tender is the night Chapter I Introduction F. Scott Fitzgerald is the spokesman of the Jazz Age and is also one of the greatest novelists in the 20th century. His novels mainly deal with the theme of the disillusionment of the American dream of the self-made young men in the 20th century. In this thesis, Fitzgerald’s two most important novels The Great Gatsby(2003) and Tender is the Night(2005) are analyzed. Both these two novelsRead MoreCohesion in Short Story17921 Words   |  72 Pageswhat kind of types and functions of grammatical and lexical cohesion. 4. Finally, the writer analyzes all chosen data clearly. 1.8 Population and Sample 1.9.2 Population The population of this research is the short story â€Å"The Great Stone Face by Nathaniel Hawthorne.† The short story has a six parts. 1.9.3 Sample The writer chooses part one until part four as sample in this research. The research will be too large in describing the characteristic of population without

Sales Management Project Report Free Essays

string(113) " motivate the sales force\? Use monetary and non-monetary incentives\? Perceived success of these actions\? Ans\." We were tasked with interviewing the sales manager of a firm, in order to analyze the working of their sales department. We chose Atlas Honda as our company for this project and secured an interview with their sales manager, and questioned him in detail about the operational procedures of the sales department of Atlas Honda. This report contains his responses that shed light on the workings of Atlas Honda’s sales force, as well as our evaluation of their sales operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales Management Project Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Selected Company Atlas Honda is a joint venture between Atlas Group of Pakistan and Honda Motor Company of Japan. We chose Atlas Honda as it is the market leader of motorcycles in Pakistan, and thus conducts hefty sales of motorcycles every month, employing a number of effective sales techniques in order to make new customers and to retain old customers. When asked why he chose to pursue a career in sales, he expressed his gratification in working to achieve a target of sales against his competitors, the incentives offered for achieving more than the target, and the freedom and travel opportunities that only a sales job could provide. His philosophy regarding his sales career resides in giving a proper product to the customer for the money spent by him, and to create customer lifetime value and build long-term relationships with customers. Interview Q1. How do you see the marketplace today-changes and trends? Ans. â€Å"In terms of motorbikes, there has not been much of a change in the market in reference to commuter bikes, hence little changes have been made to the existing CD70 model as it is still used as a simple commuter motorcycle. The CD125 model has received a deluxe edition, giving it a sporty look to appeal to more image conscious segment. The Pridor was introduced as a 100cc sporty bike, targeted at customers who wanted something in between the existing 70cc and 125cc motorcycles. The most significant change in the market has been the developing interest in sports bikes. To meet this new growing  segment in the market, we have launched the Honda CBR150 and Honda CBR500 sports bikes. Atlas Honda closely observes market changes and trends and adjusts its product line accordingly.† Q2. How do you view the importance of cultural diversity in the marketplace? Ans. â€Å"Here in Pakistan when we talk about cultural diversity, it is not particularly significant in terms of commuter motorcycles, as customers looking for commuting motorcycles generally have the same needs such as low price and economical fuel consumption, making the difference in culture largely irrelevant. However, diversity in culture has led to a new market of customers who want high-performance sports and are willing to pay more, a market that we have tapped with the launch of the CBR150 and CBR500.† Q3. How do you define the role of sales support? How important are ethics? Ans. â€Å"Sales support forms an important part of the sales department here at Atlas Honda. They assist the salespersons by various means, such as market research, lead generation, making travel arrangements, scheduling meetings, sending out sales materials and review and reporting of sales. As for ethics, we have always believed in serving the customer in the best possible way so as to cultivate long-term relationships.† Q4. How do you expect sales force to follow a sales process? Ans. â€Å"The sales process followed consists of an initial contact, an approach where needs of the customer is evaluated, followed by a presentation or proposition, finalizing the sale, and lastly follow up. Salespersons are encouraged to close sales using minimum amount of resources and with minimum sales calls.† Q5. How do you organize the sales force-is it local or centralized? Ans. â€Å"Organization of sales force is localized, that is to say that it is decided upon by the regional sales managers, who assign the number of salespersons to specific areas based in the amount of current and potential customers.† Q6. How do you select salespersons when positions become vacant? Ans. â€Å"Our Human Resource department is responsible for hiring of new salespersons. They prepare a list of candidates and determine which candidates are most  suitable for the position through interviews. Salespersons with prior experience are naturally given preference, however we also take fresh graduates, in which case they undergo a short period of training before starting work.† Q7. How do you train new personnel? Train experienced salespersons? Ans. â€Å"Our training here is very strong because Atlas Group believes very strongly in development of human resources. The more effort is put into developing our human resources the more the company will grow. We generally avoid hiring people from the top universities. Instead, we take mediocre students who are willing to learn and work hard. In this company there is much to learn and we provide training for new employees. As for training experienced personnel, every year we send our employees to study at IBA and LUMS. Additionally, every year one person is selected to study at Harvard University. So training and development is constantly observed here. Here we have SAP system in our computers and for human resource we have HAY system. So every person is evaluated quarterly and then half yearly and then yearly. Then the company goes over their weaknesses and provides relevant training and coaching to overcome their limitations.† Q8. How do you select and interact with partners? Determine sales force size? Ans. â€Å"We have a system in which we divide Pakistan 7 regions. Every region has a head called Regional Manager. Then above him there is a National Manager. Then there is General Manager Marketing. Then Vice President Marketing. And then there is CEO. Every region has a geographical distribution in which there may be four or five territories according to that area. We make territories under the regions. In every territory under the Regional Managers there is a Head of Sales, a Head of Services and a Head of Parts.† Q9. How do you motivate the sales force? Use monetary and non-monetary incentives? Perceived success of these actions? Ans. â€Å"There is a monthly target which the salesperson has to achieve and upon achieving that target he gets an annual raise. We use a scale to classify how good a salesperson is at closing sales. If he is close to the target that means its fair. If he achieves his targets that means his is good. If he goes 10% above his target that means he is very good. If he goes beyond that then it means that he is outstanding. So basically there are four categories on which a salesperson is evaluated for the raise in his salary; fair, good,  very good, excellent. Additionally, the advantage for salespeople is that after a year or two there are foreign vacations awarded to them. They may win by achieving the most sales. They are sent to places like Europe, Brazil etc. They get extra money for it in addition to the vacation to enjoy and relax.† Q10. How do you reimburse the sales force for expenses? Ans. â€Å"Laws are defined here for the reimbursement of expenses. No one is allowed to interfere whether it may be Vice President or General Manager. The laws defined here are working on two systems. The first is called Management Executive Committee (MEC). Then there is Group Executive Committee (GEC). Only GEC has the right to change laws because only high profile members are allowed in it. So everything is defined. Every person has a grade wise allowance. Kilometers are standardized. Whether a General Manager uses it or may it be an ordinary sales representative. It is already defined that a particular amount per kilometer would be paid when travelled. If he has to stay overnight then there is hotel allowance. If there is no hotel then there is an independent allowance given to that person. So a healthy amount of incentives are given and they are clearly defined and no one can misuse them.† Q11. How do you evaluate the sales force? Frequency and methods? Ans. â€Å"As I have mentioned we have got HAY system in which objectives are defined. They are evaluated on quarterly, half yearly and yearly basis. After three months an analysis is done on the objective to check whether that salesperson is achieving his target or not. We work on a PDCA format which is Plan Do Check Action. We see whether the targets are being achieved or not. If they are, then good. If not, then we examine targets are not being achieved. What were the problems faced and how can we counter them? This is PDCA. Every person’s job is defined. What he has to do, what he doesn’t, and his responsibilities. He knows the result that he has to produce after a year. Hence, salespersons are evaluated on their achievement of target sales.† Q12. How do you play a role in forecasting? What methods are utilized? Ans. â€Å"For forecasting basically two methods are used. One of them is by using  historical growth data. We take the data of last three years, sum it up and forecast the market growth. Then there are assumptions and usage of alpha. Factors like history, assumption and the economy are always studied closely when forecasting.† Q13. How do you contribute to the firm’s strategies and annual planning? Ans. â€Å"As a sales manager, the forecasts that are generated by my department affect the company’s strategies and operations. For example, new strategies may need to be formulated when attempting to penetrate new markets, or when introducing new products into existing markets. Forecasts of sales also affect the company, for example if forecasts show an increase in sales, then more salespersons may need to be hired.† Q14. How do you utilize CRM and practice relationship marketing? Ans. â€Å"It has been almost 50 years since people are related to this company. By this you can imagine the worth of the company. Atlas Honda has worked hard to develop brand loyalty with its customers. We are providing our customers with services throughout Pakistan. There is hardly a single town where you cannot find a Honda service facility. Almost every city has got Honda’s sales dealerships. At this very moment there are 650 dealers across Pakistan. Then we have developed the 5S concept as opposed to the 3S concept. Normally companies provide only 3S that is Sales, Service and Spare parts. But in addition to that we also provide additional Second exchange which means you can trade in your old motorcycle for a new one. Then there is Safety. Then to satisfy the customers we have customer care department. There’s a telephonic department which takes care of the customers. We are going to introduce new CRM software next month. If you buy a motorcycle today all your information will be entered. Previous issues will also be displayed in it. You would be greeted by your name upon calling the department and your picture will also be shown.† Q15. How have you successfully managed portfolio of products? Ans. â€Å"We currently have 7 models in production. Everything is controlled by the General Manager. We have a very big setup. A very vast one. There are many things under the General Manager which are being monitored by different  people. We have a department of product planning. All the pros and cons of all models are discussed there. Then the marketing department is also related to them. They decide the best way to sell the product. There are no bookish systems here in this company as you study in the university. Many of the books and theories that you have studied, you won’t find them here. We have got a very straight system here. There’s only one channel of distribution. The company makes the product and then gives it to the dealer. There is no such thing as sales dealer or this and that dealer. More than 90% of the planning done here is successful.† Evaluation Q1. How effective is this sales manager? Ans. He is a very effective sales manager. He has effectively organized the sales force in such a way so that no territory is left out. He is vigilant about providing training to employees so that their skills may be developed and they are able to work to their full potential. He is a good leader and actively motivates his sales force to achieve their targets and instructs his sales force to foster long term relationships with their customers. Q2. Which of his/her activities are reflective of what you learned in class and what activities differ? Ans. He organized his sales force and divided the market into territories in order to use his sales force efficiently. He instructs his sales force to use CRM to better manage and service customers and to retain their information about previous purchases and problems for easy access. He gives great importance to training and developing his salespeople so that they may overcome any weaknesses. And he gives great importance to generating customer relationship value rather than just making a one-time sale to a customer. Q3. How do they differ and why do they differ? Ans. There is hardly anything among his activities as sales manager that differs from what we studied in class, as he has organized and developed his sales force very effectively, hardly leaving any room for improvement. How to cite Sales Management Project Report, Essays

Business Economics for Microeconomics

Question: 1. (a) Bagels and cream cheese are often eaten together, so they are complements. Suppose that the equilibrium price of cream cheese has risen but the equilibrium quantity of bagels has fallen. What could be responsible for this pattern a rise in the price of flour or a rise in the price of milk? Illustrate and explain your answer with demand and supply diagram for bagel (b) Suppose the government imposes a price floor on the bagel market to maintain bagel producers' income. Briefly explain to government why the policy would yield an inefficient outcome. Use the supply and demand model to illustrate your answer. 2. Boom-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Energy is a manufacturer of energy-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ boosting products. The Board of Boom-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Energy has hired you to investigate whether its Horse-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Energy Bars and Choco Bars are complementary goods, substitute goods or there is no interdependence between the two goods. Using appropriate economic tools and terminology, explain ho w you would carry out your investigation. Answer: 1 (a) If the price of milk gets increased, the supply of cream cheese will be decreased. This will be mainly because the increase in the price of milk will lead to the increase in the price of cream cheese. As a result, only few people will purchase bagels and cream cheese and a lower equilibrium quantity of cream cheese will be exchanged in the market. The increase in the equilibrium price of cream cheese will lower the demand for bagels. As a result, the price and quantity of bagels will also decrease (Varian 2014). Figure 1: The increase in the price of milk decreased the supply of cream cheese (Source: Created By Author) The above diagram shows that the supply of cream cheese has decreased due to the increase in the price of milk. Figure 2: Demand curve of bagel (Source: Created By Author) The diagram shows that the demand curve of bagel has shifted towards the left from D2 to D1 due to the increase in the price of its complementary good (cream cheese). On the other hand, the increase in the price of flour will also lead to the decrease in the equilibrium quantity of bagels. However, it will not be able to explain the increase in the price of cream cheese (Berry et al. 2013). 1 (b) A price floor will have an impact on the market if it is greater than the equilibrium price in the market. Price floors are the minimum price that is imposed by the government for certain products and services that they feel are being sold in the inequitable market. An inequitable market is the market where the products are sold at a very lower price. Since, the equilibrium of cream cheese had increased hence; price floor will proof to be incompetent (Dragusanu et al. 2014). Figure 3: The price floor (Source: Created By Author) If the price floor is set above the market price, then there will be an excess supply and surplus in the market. This will yield an inefficientoutcome if there is no sufficient demand as compared to the excess supply. The producers will gain only if their supply curve that is relatively elastic. The consumers are mostly affected, as they will be priced out of the market. In other words, they have to pay a higher price than before. As a result, the government will face a number of strategies for setting a price floor. Price floor will make it impossible for the producers to sell their goods at the unrestrained price. As a result, the producers starts competing by incompetently increasing the quality of the goods (Schlee 2013). 2. The substitute goods are those goods that can be used in the place of another good to meet the demand of a customer. Demand for a given product varies directly with the price of the substitute product. In this case, after carrying out the investigation it has been found that Horse-Energy bars and the Choco bars are substitute goods. Both the goods are grouped in the similar category and they accomplish the same basic function. As a result, the increase in the price of Horse-Energy Bars will lead to the increase in the demand of the Choco bars (Rosato 2013). Figure 4: The substitute goods (Source: Created By Author) The graph shows that the demand of Choco Bars will increase with the rise in the price of Horse-Energy. The price of Horse-Energy is represented in the Y-axis and the quantity of Choco bars is represented in the X-axis. Both the goods are elastic goods that is they have elastic demand. Hence, the customers are very sensitive to the change in the price (Patinkin 2013). Figure 5: The price and quantity of Horse-Energy (Source: Created By Author) In both the diagrams, it can be seen that the major variable that shifts the demand curve is the price of the related goods. On the other hand, if the price of Horse-Energy decreases, then the demand of Choco Bars will also increase. This is because the preference of the customers will due to the change in price. References Berry, S., Gandhi, A. and Haile, P., 2013. Connected substitutes and invertibility of demand.Econometrica,81(5), pp.2087-2111. Dragusanu, R., Giovannucci, D. and Nunn, N., 2014. The economics of fair trade.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,28(3), pp.217-236. Patinkin, D., 2013. The role of the liquidity trap in Keynesian economics.PSL Quarterly Review,26(108). Rosato, A., 2013. Selling substitute goods to loss-averse consumers: Limited availability, bargains and rip-offs. Schlee, E.E., 2013. Surplus maximization and optimality.The American Economic Review,103(6), pp.2585-2611. Varian, H.R., 2014.Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.